The Company — when every rival sees the same board, the edge is not seeing. It is choosing where to play, and owning the bet.

The Patent Office — machines absorb the volume of examination. Only humans supply its authority.

The Legal Establishment — a system increasingly of machines still terminates in two humans: one who must be believed, one who must decide.

The University — the question was never “is it patentable?” It is “is it commercializable?” — and that judgment is coming back in-house.

The Defence Establishment — the one IP function that cannot be outsourced, because asking for help is disclosure.